So
how exactly do plants “know” to eat some insects but spare others? In the case of Venus flytraps, there are likely two important mechanisms. Flytraps produce small white or pink flowers supported vertically on a pendulous stalk several centimeters above the gaping traps. This arrangement allows for flying insects to safely obtain nectar, while those insects relegated to the ground are more often in danger’s way.
But many carnivorous plants, including flytraps, also have a brilliant flush of red coloring on the leaves. There’s
evidence from sundews to suggest pollinators are not nearly as attracted to the color red as they are to the UV coloration of flowers. Interestingly enough, though, flytraps have been shown to
turn red when they lack nitrogen, which is when they need to eat the most, meaning the insects that serve as a food source might be attracted to the color red, unlike those insects that strictly visit the flowers.
The problem is, there’s virtually no empirical data supporting either of these hypotheses in flytraps, meaning scientists have their work cut out for them. For now, the secret behind flytraps’ refined palates remains a pleasant mystery.